Obama the "Asian American"

November 10, 2008

Back in the depths of the election slough (it seems so long ago now!), Jeff Yang asked if Obama was going to be our first Asian American president, like Clinton was our first African American president.

No, of course Obama isn't Asian American, despite the Indonesian stepfather, the childhood in Indonesia, and the Asian American half-sister. I don't believe in "honorary" racial status, because it turns racial identity into a rewards system, with gatekeepers and authenticity meters. I don't want people dancing like monkeys for pointless cookies; I'd rather everyone be looking closely at the real differences and similarities in experience among different groups.

Which is why Yang's point was actually a good one: that Obama fit in with certain experiential and demographic trends that matched Asian American experiences and demographics better than African American ones. I hadn't read "Dreams from My Father" at the time of Yang's article, but I've read it now and I have to say: Yang was totally on the money in seeing the similarities between Obama's experience and that of a great many Asian Americans ... particularly multiracial Asian Americans.

Obama is:

  • multiracial, which is not unusual in the African American community (you could argue that the African American community is inherently multiracial). But being the child of parents of two different official nationalities is far more familiar to Asian Americans.
  • transnational, i.e. the child of parents who are of two nationalities, who grew up experiencing both those national cultures in some measure. In Obama's case, he had a mother in one country, a father in a second, and a stepfather in a third, but his transnationality is really between his American mother and his Indonesian stepfather. Asian American multiracials tend far more to be transnational than not, which is to say that the majority of Asian American multiracials are the product of parents of two different nationalities. This isn't true of African Americans, although it's becoming more common.
  • bilingual (although who knows what he remembers of it now). Growing up partly in Indonesia and going to local schools there, Obama became bilingual. Bilingualism is an expectation we have of immigrant children of Asian American and Latino communities, and it's very often an experience of children of these communities, even when the bilingualism doesn't stick, i.e. if they lose their language skills early or their parents don't emphasize it.
  • a third culture kid, which is a term that refers to children of expatriate parents who go abroad to pursue their careers, often in military, diplomatic, academic, civil or military contracting, NGOs, or business spheres. The kids are not immigrants, since the parents and children do not give up their citizenship and do not intend to stay in the foreign country permanently, usually because the foreign country is in the third world and the expatriates are from the first ... there's a distinct power dynamic here. The dynamic is that it is higher status for the child to be an American, so the parents are unwilling to let the child give up that cultural status.The "third culture" is what the child creates between the culture of the parent and the local culture of the foreign country.

Obama's childhood in Indonesia was a third culture experience, since he remained an American citizen under the protection of an American parent. This is an experience familiar to a number of Asian Americans and hapas, who go abroad with their parents -- sometimes to a parent's country of origin, sometimes not -- but under the protection of an American parent or of their own citizenship.

Yang's article says quotes Chris Lu saying that Obama is a "Rorschach test," but I think that's a little simple-minded. Obama is, in fact, a very 21st century American, who shares experiences with a number of people, mostly of his age or younger. These experiences are the product of late 20th century migration and demographic trends: the results of new immigration patterns to the U.S., of globalization of business, of American imperialism and the "international community" that has spawned, and of the disaffection of American baby boomers and gen Xers, who have taken their wealth and gone abroad in increasing numbers.

What makes his identity so multifarious is that he had to find an identity using the terms and concepts of 20th century identity-building, which is a mutually-incompatible system of seperate races. Keep in mind that it's only the 2000 census that allowed people to identify as multiracial. The other concepts -- transnational, bilingual, third culture -- aren't yet in mainstream currency as concepts, although increasing numbers of Americans of every race are sharing in these experiences. So Obama can, and has to, use the terms of 20th century racial identity building to communicate what he is to people. That's why he's called "African American," although the usual meaning of the term simply doesn't apply to him.

Obama isn't the only one. Look at Tiger Woods, Alicia Keys ... or Colin Powell. Actually, I could name about 20 public figures off the bat who are "African Americans" who share more demographically with Asian Americans than with the descendants of West African slaves in the United States. The point of all of this is that Obama isn't Asian American. He's an African American who is redefining what "African American" actually means. He's not deconstructing race, but rather redefining it, the way we all are, those of us who don't fit into the old categories.

I don't know what that means for the future, except that Obama is my president. He is the only political leader I've ever seen who truly represents not just my experience, but my point of view on domestic and foreign policy. This is a view that is shaped by knowing and understanding -- as only a child living across two cultures can -- that America is not the only country, that American ways are not the only ways, and that we as a nation and a people have much to learn from others. That's not so much where race breaks down as it is where race gives way to things that have more meaning.

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I found this blog touching, my son is half black and half Japanese. I guess the correct term is Blasian. His upbringing is transnational, he spent a lot of time in Japan and the Japanese school system when he was young. He is fluent in oth languages andim concerned what title America will label him. Despite the fact that he is only half black America will label him a 100 percent African American. I guess thats because of the plessy vs ferguson case. I was also worried that he might have identity issues like Barrack, but he turned out fine. America is changing and I hop e we keep moving forward, but we still have many obstacles to overcome.This short story reminds me of my situation.http://current.com/items/76303482_something_other_than_other
can relate: the great thing about being unidentifiable to others is that you can make up your own labels. i suspect that, as people get to know obama better and better, the labels that attach to him will change, and all the definitions will get more fluid.
I appreciated this post, particularly because of the bulleted list of Obama's life experiences that contextualize why he brings a different perspective to the Presidency. I definitely have issues with where he seems to be charting the foreign policy for the nation, but it's good to keep perspective before he takes office.
oops! i think i might have accidentally deleted a comment for this post. please feel free to repost your comment!
Anything is better than the failed policies of Bush. His uni-lateral approach to foriegn policy destroyed our standing throughout the world and for the first time in a half of century, there maybe a new respect for America in the global community. War has gotten us no where, time for a new approach.America is changing in matters of race and this was a major milestone for that cause, but we still have a ways to go.
Hi Claire,As always, great summary and smart analysis. However, minor quibble--the point about Obama being a "Rorschach test" you cite above comes from a quote in the article spoken by Chris Lu, Obama's legislative director and, now, executive director of his transition. So, you know, not actually my words. (And Lu is probably the last person I'd associate with the term "simpleminded"... *simplistic* perhaps, but undoubtedly intentionally dumbed down for the reading audience. Not that I have dumb reading audience. At least, I hope.)Jeff
Claire,Thank you for your response. I will begin by letting you know that I did attentively read your post. Technically, the term “African American” applies to an ethnic group of people of dominate African Descent in the United States. Therefore, I am technically not African American because my parents are from the Caribbean. That does not mean that have more in common with Asian Americans. Colin Powell is of Jamaican descent like my mother. You need to elaborate on why you continue to claim that people like Colin Powell, Barack Obama and Alicia Keys have more in common with Asian Americans? This is at the root of my disagreement.Lastly, I still believe that you are locked into an ideology that defines black as monolithic in both background and culture and that is not the case. What you are seeing as a phenomenon is rather old. Obama was explaining what it means to be black in America and not what it should mean or should become. He was explaining what being black has meant for centuries in this country. He was explaining what needs to be said to those who have little to any understanding of what black is.
It is very funny how we are all having a problem in iddentifying Obama's race now that he has become the president of the United States. If he wasn't successfull, we would all acknowledge that he is BLACK.
Lastly, I still believe that you are locked into an ideology that defines black as monolithic in both background and culture and that is not the case.
you believe this based on what specifically? just 'cause you need something to believe?
Technically, the term “African American” applies to an ethnic group of people of dominate African Descent in the United States. Therefore, I am technically not African American because my parents are from the Caribbean.
i don't know what "dominate african descent in the united states" means. my understanding is that "african american" refers to people of african descent in the US in general, but that many people feel that "african american" should refer only to the descendents of african slaves who were slaves in the US, and not to more recent, post-slavery immigrants from africa or the caribbean. on the other hand, some caribbean immigrants and african immigrants DO refer to themselves as "african american."and yes, i knew this before i wrote the post, and no, there is NOTHING in my post that indicates otherwise.
You need to elaborate on why you continue to claim that people like Colin Powell, Barack Obama and Alicia Keys have more in common with Asian Americans? This is at the root of my disagreement.
that, right there, is what my ENTIRE post was about. this is why i say you didn't read my post with any attention. seriously, i can't respond to any of this with more explicitness than i already have and i'm only going to get frustrated with more of this back and forth. so unless you have something new to bring to this, i'm going to opt out of further discussion with you.
thanks for the correction, jeff!
"Anonymous said:Anything is better than the failed policies of Bush. His uni-lateral approach to foriegn policy destroyed our standing throughout the world and for the first time in a half of century, there maybe a new respect for America in the global community. War has gotten us no where, time for a new approach."Yeah, waging wars of aggression based upon lies and genociding over 1 million Iraqis (and Afghanis) as a result would tend to destroy the American Empire's "standing throughout the world."And Bush's wars were in the main supported by the Democrats--including Barack Obama. The primary difference being that the Democrats want to wage America's aggressive wars *more effectively* through multilateralism as opposed to unilateralism.Barack Obama has rightly been called a political "face-lift" for American Imperialism--whether the rest of the world is fooled and for long are the questions.
annettay you are right, if you are mixed with black and not contributing to society no one wants claim you, but once you break down a barrier, ohhh boy.This lady cracks me up, dumb old goat eat crow, yeeeeaaaah.http://jp.youtube.com/watch?v=KACQuZVAE3s
annettay and anonymous (nov 13):actually, i've been involved with the "multiracial movement" to some extent for ten years now. in that time i've seen, heard, and read a great deal from multiracials of african heritage who are frustrated about being identified as only black, and having their other heritages ignored.i've also worked with asian americans who are also african americans and, although i don't "claim" anyone, did consider them part of my community, as they considered me part of theirs. none of them were president.obama himself grappled with his identity publicly before he even ran for state office and, although he identifies strongly with the african american community, he doesn't repudiate his multiraciality. i think his whole identity deserves respect, don't you?
There is a lot of truth to your post Claire, my son is Blasian and to be Technichal, he is half and hlaf and I want him to be acknowledged by both.There are fators that play into the labeling of mixed kids. Some are raised to be Asian, White, Black, or what ever culture influence their households.For example, Hines Ward is Half Korean, but his mother explains in an interview how the Korean community hurt his feelings growing up as a kid, but when he became the NFLs MVP, he gets honorary citizenship to Korea.Times are changing, I was born in the 70s right after the civil rights movement and century old common laws were still being practiced. If you have one drop of blood, you are black. Its the hate that America was built catergoize mixed Americans.Hines Ward story has touched me, even made me cry, yes men cry to. His mother Kim Young He is an American hero and if Hyphen ever does an "RACE" issue I think an intetview with her is an must. This story kind of express what im trying to say about mixed blacks, just being called black. Its a long story, but its a great one please read claireand tell me do you understand were im comming from.http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/MAG1111192/index.htm
anonymous (nov 16): i DO realize that what you and annettay are saying is true for a majority of people. perhaps i should have said that first ;)what i was trying to point out is that many of the people who talk most about race are people who work in antiracism. those are the people that annettay and the previous anonymous were saying are "claiming" obama because he's famous and successful. but actually, they're just using obama as a famous example of the sorts of things they talk about all the time.i do understand that it must be frustrating to be repudiated by the world every day and then see everyone trying to claim someone like obama just because he's successful.but it's just as frustrating for me and many other multiracials to go through life having everyone try to tell us who we are and how we should be. many of us have to fight to identify publicly the way we feel inside. and then to see obama (or tiger woods, or halle berry, or alicia keys) identifying himself publicly in his own way, and to hear people saying, "oh, he's just black" ... well that brings up OUR issues, too.what i'm trying to say is that not everyone is trying to claim obama, and those who are, aren't all doing it just because he's successful.and i don't think hyphen will ever do a race issue, because pretty much every issue is a race issue ;) but issue #13 was "the hybrid issue," which dealt with some multiracial concerns. you can buy it here, if you're interested.
Claire,While I have no problem with the affinity that many Asian Americans feel towards Obama. I am offended by the blanket statements, simplifications and generalizations as if being black is monolithic and uni-cultural when in fact what is considered to be black in the Western Hemisphere is poly-ethnic, multicultural and even multiracial.Obama eluded at this during several interviews when he has said the following,"Yeah. Well, you know, I've always contended that the African-American community is, by definition, a hybrid culture. You know, we draw on all these different elements. But you know, as I've grown up in the United States, I have been identified as an African-American. I'm comfortable with that identification. I'm rooted in that culture and draw inspiration from that tradition. You know, the reason I'm here, involved in politics right now is not because I wanted to be JFK; it's because of the civil rights movement. And I think about all those nameless women marching for freedom, not taking the bus when they come home from a hard day's work doing somebody else's laundry. To me, that embodies the best of the American spirit, and that's the standard that I measure myself by."Also you said this,"multiracial, which is not unusual in the African American community (you could argue that the African American community is inherently multiracial). But being the child of parents of two different official nationalities is far more familiar to Asian Americans."I am the child of a Jamaican mother and a Trinidadian father which means that I have two parents of two different nationalities. This was characteristic of most of my "black" friends out here in New York. You beave as if people whoare considered "black" only reside in the U.S. when in fact they are all over the world. My financee is Afro-Cuban and Bajan and he is black (and proud by the way). He does not feel that he is being ripped of any culture or identity like I don't feel I am because we are all apart of the African Diaspora.Also, when someone claims that Obama's life experiences are more like Asian-Americans than African Americans or "Blacks", I cannot help but realize that these people are being selective as to what aspects of Obama they want to focus on. Have they not read his books where he speaks about his life experiences and even identity crisis. His life after leaving Hawaii was very characteristic of many African Americans.As I said, I love the fact that Obama has the ability to inspire. I love tat people look at him and feel that they can share some part of who he is as a person. I tear when I read about how Arabs in Palestine, Native Americans, Hispanic immigrants as well as the people of Latin America and the Caribbean, the many cultures and people of the African continent from Tanzania to South Africa to Mali to his father's native Kenya up to Egypt as well as the amounts of Europeans and Asians of all colors have managed to see themselves in him however it serves no one any good to deny him who he has identified himself as....an African American.
rhondacoca,thanks for your comment, but i don't think you really read my post with any attention. in the last paragraphs i wrote this:
The other concepts -- transnational, bilingual, third culture -- aren't yet in mainstream currency as concepts, although increasing numbers of Americans of every race are sharing in these experiences. So Obama can, and has to, use the terms of 20th century racial identity building to communicate what he is to people. That's why he's called "African American," although the usual meaning of the term simply doesn't apply to him.Obama isn't the only one. Look at Tiger Woods, Alicia Keys ... or Colin Powell. Actually, I could name about 20 public figures off the bat who are "African Americans" who share more demographically with Asian Americans than with the descendants of West African slaves in the United States. The point of all of this is that Obama isn't Asian American. He's an African American who is redefining what "African American" actually means. He's not deconstructing race, but rather redefining it, the way we all are, those of us who don't fit into the old categories.
i think that's -- in different words -- pretty much what you were saying when you wrote:
I am offended by the blanket statements, simplifications and generalizations as if being black is monolithic and uni-cultural when in fact what is considered to be black in the Western Hemisphere is poly-ethnic, multicultural and even multiracial.
and when you wrote:
You beave as if people whoare considered "black" only reside in the U.S. when in fact they are all over the world.
you were not arguing with ME. i most certainly did NOT behave as if people who are considered black only reside in the US. i used the terms "asian american" and "african american" only, because i was only talking about african americans and asian americans, not asians and blacks.if you read over my post again carefully, i think you'll find that you and i don't disagree substantially. and i would suggest that everyone who gets into online discussions about obama's ethnicity and race try to approach these discussions with an open mind. obama's point in your quote above was that you can't go by old racial definitions and categories, and that was my point and your point as well.and yet, ironically, you seemed to be arguing against what you thought someone of my race WOULD say, rather than what i actually SAID.